Preview: Newman and the Greek Fathers: Indwelling of the Spirit, Part II

On Monday, September 30, we'll conclude our discussion of Newman's discovery of the Greek Fathers's teaching on the Indwelling of the Spirit on the Son Rise Morning Show. Please tune in at my usual time, about 6:50 a.m. Central DST/7:50 a.m. Eastern DST here or catch the podcast later.

Reading the last paragraphs of Father Ker's discussion of how the Greek Fathers led Newman to the doctrine of the Indwelling of the Spirit reminded me of a July 2017 Eighth Day Institute event timed to coincide with the 500th anniversary of what is regarded as the beginning of the Protestant Reformation (Martin Luther's posting of his 95 Theses). 

The topic was "The Patristic View of Salvation: Justification by Faith Alone?" A Protestant (Lutheran) scholar, a Catholic scholar, and an Orthodox Christian scholar each presented and then responded to each other's academic papers on this subject, and other related papers were offered.

The odd thing was that we never really discussed, nor did anyone cogently defend, Martin Luther's doctrine of "Justification by Faith Alone"--in fact, we hardly mentioned it. That was because the representative speakers were reflecting on the "patristic view of salvation" so they spoke about Deification, not "Justification". The Director of Eighth Day Institute commented to members/attendees after the conference:

[The plenary speakers] all found the same emphasis of participation in Christ, or deification, as the Orthodox put it. . . . So while it was remarkable to see the united understanding of salvation as participation in Christ, that emphasis distracted us from the question of justification. I think there are two ways to look at this failure. On the one hand, it’s really not such a failure. The speakers heeded the admonition to return to the Fathers. And they just didn’t find much on the issue of justification. Instead, they found participation, union, and deification. And I mostly agree with all three speakers who indicated that this pre-Reformation emphasis on participation might be the way to get past the dividing issue of justification. . . .

Father Ker concurs that Newman found something similar when he studied the Greek Fathers. Newman had already changed his mind about the Calvinist doctrine of double predestination; moreover, Ker states that Newman "disagrees with Evangelicals who consider [the justification of the sinner] as a state, not of holiness or righteousness, but merely or mainly of acceptance with God'." (p. 36)

In addition to quoting several sermons ("The Law of the Spirit", "The State of Salvation", "The New Works of the Gospel", etc) Father Ker cites Newman's 1838 Lectures on Justification (reissued with an advertisement and corrective notes in 1874).

In a 1985 article for Christendom College, Richard Penaskovic called them a "forgotten classic" arguing that not only did Newman outline a Via Media for Tractarians between the Evangelical view and what he thought of as the "Romanist" view of Justification but he also offered a "powerful new synthesis of St. Paul and the Greek Fathers, especially St. Athanasius" to speak "of grace in highly personal categories" as it is present in the Christian heart and soul. Saint Augustine of Hippo, one of the four great Western Fathers, and his interpretations of Saint Paul's letters, was also an important influence on Newman.

Quoting these lectures, Father Ker sums up Newman's view on the indwelling of the Spirit as the source of the sanctification of the Christian, noting that he had rediscovered the "central New Testament doctrine of the indwelling of the Holy Spirit, a doctrine that was second nature to the Eastern Fathers who knew nothing of the modern problem of justification":

"The presence of the Holy Ghost shed abroad in our hearts, the Author both of faith and renewal, this is really that which makes us righteous, and . . . our righteousness is the possession of that presence." Justification, then "is wrought by the power of the Spirit, or rather by His presence within us" while "faith and renewal are both present also, but as fruits of it" (Justification, pp. 137-138) . . . justification and renewal are "both included in that one great gift of God, the  indwelling of Christ" through the Holy Spirit "in the Christian soul" which constitutes "our justification and sanctification, as its necessary results" (ibid, p. 112) (Selected Sermons, p. 37)

What Newman learned from the Fathers of the Church about the Indwelling of the Spirit and deification he poured into his sermons and his pastoral care as both an Anglican minister and a Catholic priest, urging his congregations to be aware of this indwelling and be willing to cooperate with its Grace and inspiration for the faith, hope, and charity it imparted.

Saint John Henry Newman, pray for us!